Speakingtwolanguagescanactuallyhelpreducesomeeffectsofa...

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Speaking two languages can actually help reduce some effects of aging on the brain, a new study has found.

Researchers tested how long participants needed to   41   from one cognitive (认知) task to another, something that’s known to   42   longer for older adults, said lead researcher, Brain Gold, an expert at the University of Kentucky, “It has great effects these days because our population is   43   gradually,” Gold said. “Seniors are   44   longer, and that’s a good thing, but it’s only a good thing   45    a certain degree that their brains are   46  .”

Gold’s team compared task-switching of younger and older   47  , knowing they would find slower speeds in the   48   population because of previous studies.   49  , they found that older adults who spoke two languages were able to switch mental gear (齿轮)   50   than those who didn’t.

First, Gold and his team   51   30 people, who were either bilingual (双语的)   52   monolingual (单语的), to look at a series of colored shapes and   53   with the name of each shape by pushing a button. Then, they   54   the participants with a similar series of colored shapes and asked them to respond with what   55   the shapes were by pushing a button. The bilingual people had the   56   to respond faster to the shifting prompts (提示).

Researchers then gathered 80 more people for a second   57  ; 40 bilinguals and 40monolinguals. This time, researchers used FMRI machines to   58   brain activity during the same shape-and color-identifying   59  . Gold and his team found that bilingual people had different brain activity than their monolingual peers.

“Learning a second language in childhood was thought of as   60  ,” Gold said. “Actually, it’s beneficial.”

41. A. switch                                                        B. perform      C. jump                D. transport

42. A. hold                                                           B. spend  C. last                 D. take

43. A. increasing                                                 B. aging   C. growing                  D. exploding

44. A. surviving                                                   B. staying       C. living                D. expecting

45. A. with                                                           B. in        C. at                     D. to

46. A. powerful                                                   B. healthy       C. sensitive                D. special

47. A. adults                                                        B. researchers       C. leaders                   D. seniors

48. A. random                                                     B. ordinary      C. older                D. younger

49. A. Thus                                                         B. Otherwise   C. Besides                  D. However

50. A. faster                                                        B. slower  C. longer                     D. better

51. A. paid                                                          B. asked  C. promised                D. forced

52. A. yet                                                             B. nor      C. or                    D. and

53. A. remember                                                 B. realize C. recall               D. reply

54. A. presented                                                 B. rewarded    C. assisted                  D. treated

55. A. forms                                                         B. types   C. colors                     D. sizes

56. A. right                                                          B. ability   C. opportunity                    D. determination

57. A. experiment                                                B. conclusion        C. lesson                    D. task

58. A. recognize                                                  B. improve      C. make               D. record

59. A. tools                                                          B. scores C. tasks               D. games

60. A. simple                                                         B. reasonable             C. useless     D. interesting

【回答】

41-45 ADBCD   46-50 BACDA   51-55 BCDAC   56-60 BADCC

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