Managersofmostbusinesseswanthighprofitsinordertopayh...

问题详情：

    Managers of most businesses want high profits in order to pay high dividends(红利)to their investors．For this reason，they aim to keep costs as low as possible also want to set high prices to gain high returns．But competition within the industry often prevents them from doing so．Generally；a business will not increase the price of its output if its competitors will not increase their prices．If a business sets its prices higher than those of its competitors，many of its customers will buy the output of its competitors．

    An important decision managers make is their choice of the input-mix in what combination of capital(资本)，labor．and raw materials to use in production．The goal is to keep production costs as low as possible．If labor costs are high，for example，a firm may spend money in automatic machinery so that fewer workers are needed to complete the same task．If labor is cheap，the company may decide to employ extra workers instead of buying a machine to do the job．The combination of inputs that permits a firm to produce its goods or services at the lowest possible cost without reducing quality is called the most productive input-mix

    The goal of keeping production costs low also affects a company’s choice of location．The resources an industry needs and the customers it serves are rarely close to each other．As a result，a business must Transport inputs，outputs，or both．A business also tries to keep transportation costs as low as possible．

    Transportation costs are based on weight as well as on distance．The location a company selects may thus depend on whether the company’s product is heavier or lighter than the materials used to make it．The soft drink industry，which adds water to other ingredients to make its products，is an example of an industry that produces weight-gaining products．Soft drink companies choose locations near their customers．The paper industry is an example of industries that produce weight losing products．Many such industries are near sources of rataT materials．

57．What do businesses choose to do about the prices of their products in competition?

    A．To set higher prices．       B．To leave the prices unchanged．

    C．To offer lower prices．     D  To keep the prices adjustable．

58．The underlined phrase “the most productive input-mix” means mixing inputs       ．

    A．with goods or services sold at the lowest possible prices

    B．by selling goods or services at the lowest possible prices

    C．to produce goods or services at the lowest possible cost

    D  to produce quality goods or services at the lowest possible cost

 59．Why is a company usually very careful about choosing its location?

    A．Because the materials it needs are rather far away．

    B．Because the customers it serves are not so close．

    C．Because transportation costs and the distance are closely related．

    D  Because both production and transportation costs are very high．

60．The soft drink industry and the paper making industry are used as examples because      

    A．they share a lot of things in common

    B  they are both only making lower profits

    C．the transportation costs of their products are the same

    D  they are quite different when considering the locations

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