(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学),Ien...

问题详情：

(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)During the rosy years of elementary school (小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.

Popularity is a well­explored subject in social psychology.  Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories：the likable and the status seekers. The likables' plays­well­with­others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump­start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence：status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.

Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr Prinstein's studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage (从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”

In one study, Dr Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys (调查研究). “We found that the least well­liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”

Dr Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness, openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.

In analyzing his and other research, Dr Prinstein came to another conclusion：Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage，” he said.

篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章从社会心理学视角讨论青少年小学与中学阶段的成长经历，论述了个体受欢迎程度这一青少年心理健康话题。

1．What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?

A．Unkind.                             B．Lonely.

C．Generous.                           D．Cool.

2．What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A．The classification of the popular.

B．The characteristics of adolescents.

C．The importance of interpersonal skills.

D．The causes of dishonorable behavior.

3．What did Dr Prinstein's study find about the most liked kids?

A．They appeared to be aggressive.

B．They tended to be more adaptable.

C．They enjoyed the highest status.

D．They performed well academically.

4．What is the best title for the text?

A．Be Nice—You Won't Finish Last

B．The Higher the Status, the Better

C．Be the Best—You Can Make It

D．More Self­Control, Less Aggressiveness

【回答】

1.C　推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词“early years of elementary school”可定位到第一段第一句，根据句意和sharing一词可推知，作者上小学的时候是一个慷慨大方的人，故选C项。

2.A　段落大意题。根据第二段第二句可知Dr Prinstein，一位临床心理学教授将受欢迎的人分为两类，第三句和第四句分别用“The likables' ... ”和“Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence ...”引出后文内容，恰恰就是介绍了受欢迎的两类人：讨人喜欢型和追求地位型。同时本段第二句中的关键词sort ... into ... (把……分成……)与A项中的classification相呼应，所以A项可以概括本段大意。

3.B　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句中的“likability can lead to healthy adjustment”可知，Dr Prinstein的研究发现，最讨人喜欢的孩子往往适应*强。B项中的adaptable与第四段中的adjustment相呼应。故选B项。

4.A　标题判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，本文主要介绍了研究者发现讨人喜欢与积极的人生结果有关，因此A项作为标题最合适。

知识点：教育类阅读

题型：阅读理解