Thetermculturenowismoreusedtodescribeeverythingfromthef...
问题详情:
The term culture now is more used to describe everything from the fine arts to the outlook of a business group or a sports team. In its original sense, however, culture includes all identifying aspects of a racial group, nation, or empire: its physical environment, history, and traditions, its social rules and economic structure, and its religious beliefs and arts.
The central beliefs and customs of a group are handed down from one generation to another. It is for this reason that most people regard culture as learned rather than innate. People acquire a culture because they are not born with one. The process by which a person develops a taste for regional foods, accented speech, or an outlook on the world over time, therefore, is known as enculturation (文化适应).
Cultures are often identified by their symbols — images that are familiar and coated with meaning. Totem poles (图腾柱) carved with animals and creative figures suggest aspects of the Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest but more literally represent specific tribes (部落). In Asia and India, the color of yellow is connected with temples while in ancient China it was a color only the emperor’s family was allowed to wear. Thus, different cultures may respond to a symbol quite differently. For example, to some a flag may represent pride, historical accomplishments, or ideals; to others, however, it can mean danger or oppression.
To individuals unfamiliar with cultures outside their own, the beliefs, behaviors, and artistic expression of other groups can seem strange and even threatening. A society that ranks all other cultures against its own standards is considered to be ethnocentric (from the Greek ethnos, meaning “people,” and kentros, meaning “center”). A strongly ethnocentric society assumes also that what is different from its own culture is likely to be inferior and, possibly, wrong or evil.
All people are ethnocentric to some degree, and some aspects of ethnocentrism, such as national pride, contribute to a well-functioning society. An appreciation for one’s own culture, however, does not prevent acceptance and respect for another culture. History documents the long-term vigour and success of multicultural groups in which people from numerous and various cultural backgrounds live and work together. Extreme ethnocentrism, in contrast, can lead to racism — the belief that it is race and racial origin that account for variations in human character or ability and that one’s own race is superior to all others.
74. What does the word “innate” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A. Instinctive. | B. Developed. | C. Believable. | D. Cultivated. |
75. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Different interpretations of a symbol help to distinguish one culture from another. |
B. An ethnocentric country opens welcoming arms to cultures different from its own. |
C. Culture consists of some positive features of a racial group, nation or empire. |
D. People from various cultural backgrounds often reach an agreement on some image. |
76. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. All aspects of ethnocentrism can produce negative effects on a society. |
B. Racism is unlikely to bring about serious conflicts among different cultures. |
C. Respect and acceptance of different cultures are a proper cultural attitude. |
D. Countries with a strong sense of national pride play a superior role in the world. |
77. Which might be the best title of the passage?
A. Culture, the origin of racial superiority | B. Culture, a faithful mirror of history |
C. Culture, the vigour of world development | D. Culture, a distinctive identity of a nation |
【回答】
AACD
知识点:*经济文化类阅读
题型:阅读理解
-
下列与实验相关的叙述正确的是 A.稀释浓硫*时,应将蒸馏水沿烧杯内壁缓慢地注入浓硫*中B.配制溶液时,若加水...
问题详情:下列与实验相关的叙述正确的是 A.稀释浓硫*时,应将蒸馏水沿烧杯内壁缓慢地注入浓硫*中B.配制溶液时,若加水超过容量瓶刻度,应用胶头滴管将多余溶液吸出C.配制1mol·L-1300mLNaCl溶液可以选择一个50mL的容量瓶和一个250mL的容量瓶D.可以用右图装置进行*气的...
-
设复数(是虚数单位),则复数的虚部为( )A. B. C. ...
问题详情:设复数(是虚数单位),则复数的虚部为( )A. B. C. D.【回答】B知识点:数系的扩充与复数的引入题型:选择题...
-
(1)观察下图,请将下列国家的英文字母代号填入答题卡图中对应的方框内。早期殖*家:A.葡萄牙 B.英国(2)...
问题详情:(1)观察下图,请将下列国家的英文字母代号填入答题卡图中对应的方框内。早期殖*家:A.葡萄牙 B.英国(2)仔细观察该图,据图指出奴隶贸易的主要集运地的分布特点。【回答】 (1)上框B,下框A。(2)主要分布在非洲西海岸和东海岸。知识点:血腥的资本积累题型:综合题...
-
一个质量为4kg的物体静止在足够大的光滑水平地面上.从t=0开始,物体受到一个大小和方向周期*变化的水平力F作...
问题详情:一个质量为4kg的物体静止在足够大的光滑水平地面上.从t=0开始,物体受到一个大小和方向周期*变化的水平力F作用,力F的变化规律如图所示.则( )A.t=2s时物体沿负方向运动的位移最大B.t=4s时物体运动的位移达最小值C.每个周期内物体的速度变化为一定值D.从t=0开...
相关文章
- Totheirsurprise,theyfoundthelecturegivenbythefamousepr...
- About2monthsagoIrealizedhowoftenmymother'scaregiver(看护者...
- —Peterbelievesthepresenthissistergotismuchmorewonderful...
- Mybrotherdoesn’tlikestuding.HewatchesTVfor
- 七选五阅读There'splentyofadviceoutthereaboutwhattodotogettos...
- Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,
- ---Thestudentslookverytiredafterthesportsmeeting.---We...
- I’verecentlyreturnedfromatriptoChinawhereStarbuckssigne...
- Atonetime,computerswereexpectedlargelytoremovetheneedf...
- Mostofusdon'trememberourfirsttwoorthreeyearsoflife.Buto...