Decision-makingunderStressAnewreviewbasedonaresearchsho...
问题详情:
Decision-making under Stress
A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.
The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.
“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”
For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.
This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress ------at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.
The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.
Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.
This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.
25. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.
A. keep rewards better in their memory
B. recall consequences more effortlessly
C. make risky decisions more frequently
D. learn a subject more effectively
26. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.
A. ways of making choices B. preference for pleasure
C. tolerance of punishments D. responses to suggestions
27. The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.
A. women find it easier to fall into certain habits
B. men have a greater tendency to slow down
C. women focus more on outcomes
D. men are more likely to take risks
【回答】
A A D
知识点:阅读理解
题型:阅读理解
-
Chinahasbeenpushingthereformofpublichospitals_______al...
问题详情: Chinahasbeenpushingthereformofpublichospitals_______allitscitizens.A.inchargeof B.forthepurposeof C.inhonorof ...
-
下列加点词注音全对的一项是( )A.浣女(huàn) 谄媚(xiàn) 邂逅(xiè)B.惘然(wǎn...
问题详情:下列加点词注音全对的一项是( )A.浣女(huàn) 谄媚(xiàn) 邂逅(xiè)B.惘然(wǎnɡ) 纶巾(ɡuān) 铜钿(tián)C.湓浦(pǔ) 贾人(ɡǔ) 嘲哳(zāo)D.迸发(bènɡ) 谪居(zhé) 锦瑟(sì)【回答】【*】B【解析】试题分析:A.Chǎn,C.zhāo,D.s...
-
如图,形状相同、大小相等的两个小木块放在一起,其俯视图如图所示,则其主视图是( ).
问题详情:如图,形状相同、大小相等的两个小木块放在一起,其俯视图如图所示,则其主视图是( ).【回答】D知识点:三视图题型:选择题...
-
一个质量为4kg的物体静止在足够大的光滑水平地面上.从t=0开始,物体受到一个大小和方向周期*变化的水平力F作...
问题详情:一个质量为4kg的物体静止在足够大的光滑水平地面上.从t=0开始,物体受到一个大小和方向周期*变化的水平力F作用,力F的变化规律如图所示.则( )A.t=2s时物体沿负方向运动的位移最大B.t=4s时物体运动的位移达最小值C.每个周期内物体的速度变化为一定值D.从t=0开...
相关文章
- Mycousinwantstokeepslim.Shedoesexerciseeverymorningand ...
- UKPrimeMinisterDavidCameron’sMessageonChineseNewYear201...
- 单项选择。WheneverMaryreadsaninterestingstory,shecan'tkeepit...
- 单项选择。WheneverMaryreadsaninterestingstory,shecan'tkeepit...
- InternetSecurityAwarenessMS-ISAC“KidsSafeOnline”2017Vir...
- Theoddnessoflifeinspaceneverquitegoesaway.Herearesomeex...
- —TheKing’sSpeechhasbecomethe83rdOscarwinner.Ilikeitvery...
- 阅读表达“Whodidthis?”askedMissGreen. Therewere30childrenin...
- 单项选择。WheneverMaryreadsaninterestingstory,shecan'tkeepit...
- 单项选择。WheneverMaryreadsaninterestingstory,shecan'tkeepit...